Es la pitavastatina una estatina más o un nuevo fármaco ventajoso? / Is pitavastatin just another statin or does it offer new advantages?

Hoy en día, disponemos de 7 estatinas. La pitavastatina, la estatina más nueva, parece tener ventajas significativas para el paciente que no ha tolerado otras estatinas. Además, causa una menor disminución de la coenzima Q-10 que puede resultar en un riesgo menor de miopatía. La pitavastatina no depende del citocromo P450 para su metabolismo y esto disminuye el riesgo de alteraciones metabólicas; y existe la posibilidad de un mayor aumento en la lipoproteína de alta densidad, en comparación con otras estatinas. Su uso parece justificado en algunas circunstancias y es posible que el fármaco tenga un nicho único en la disminución del riesgo cardiovascular.

There are currently 7 statins available in clinical practice. Pitavastatin is the newest statin and it appears to have significantadvantages for the patient who has not tolerated other statins. With pitavastatin, there is a smaller decrease in coenzymeQ-10 which may diminish the risk of myopathy. Also, pitavastatin does not depend on cytochrome P450 for its metabolismand this decreases the risk for metabolic alterations. In addition, pitavastatin offers the possibility of a larger increase inhigh density lipoproteins. Therefore, its usage appears justified in certain circumstances and it appears that pitavastatinmay have a unique niche in decreasing cardiovascular risk.

Tratamiento agresivo hipolipemiante en las enfermedades cardiovasculares / Aggresive lipid lowering therapy on cardiovascular disease

A 3 los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV) tradicionales hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión y tabaquismo, se agregó la diabetes mellitus. Hay muchos otros como la homocisteína y la lipoproteína (a), aunque de los beneficios de su tratamiento están por aclararse. También hay interés en los factores inflamatorios de riesgo CV, como la proteína C-reactiva ultra sensible (PCR-us) y la lipasa A, asociada a las lipoproteínas (Lp-PLA) cuyo dosaje está disponible comercialmente pero no es claro su rol en la práctica clínica de rutina. Sin embargo, todavía las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) representan el estándar de oro para predecir el riesgo CV. Con las dislipidemias de lipoproteínas específicas y los pacientes de difícil manejo, es importante individualizar su tratamiento con dietas y fármacos alternativos. Existieron percepciones erróneas como la creencia que solamente los caucásicos del mundo occidental y los varones tenían riesgo CV significativo. Ahora se sabe que muchos otros grupos étnicos también sufren enfermedades CV, especialmente los que viven en población urbana y que las mujeres incluso tienen peor pronóstico si se presentan antes de los 50 años de edad. Quizás el problema médico más importante en este momento es el síndrome metabólico, que en combinación junto a los demás factores de riesgo CV multiplica el riesgo total. Los tratamientos futuros involucrarán a la genética pero, por ahora, el uso agresivo de medicamentos puede modificar favorablemente el riesgo CV, más no eliminarlo.

Evaluation critique of state of the art dyslipidemia management in general and with a special emphasis on the Indian population.

Classically, there have been three well established major cardiovascular risk factors, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and tobacco abuse. With accumulating clinical evidence, diabetes can now be added as a fourth major risk factor. Much interest in various other risk factors and possible causative factors has been generated, but it should be remembered that of all these, low density lipoproteins (LDL) remains the gold standard for evaluating risk. The common perception is that only caucasians in the western world have significant cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, much clinical information to the contrary has accumulated and now it is realized that many other ethnic groups also have significant CV disease, such as in India, especially in the urban population. Dyslipidemias of specific lipoproteins and their treatment is an important part of understanding and managing CV disease and risk. Various plasma factors such as homocysteine and lipoprotein (a) [(a)] have been considered to have definite associations with CV disease, but any treatment benefit remains in doubt. In addition, inflammatory risk factors are considered to be of significant clinical interest, especially high sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hsCRP). Where do these factors fit into routine clinical practice still awaits clarification. Only two of these inflammatory risk (Lp-factors can be tested commercially on a routine clinical basis and these are hsCRP and Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Lp-PLA2). Their clinical utillity is not established and acceptance is limited: some third party health coverage organizations refuse to pay for such analyses. In the past, women have been looked upon as not having significant CV disease. More recently, evidence suggests that women may have more CV disease than men, and that physicians may have failed to realize this and act accordingly. The true situation is that women have less CV disease than men prior to menopause and then they slowly catch up. However, some women under age 50 have an especially malignant form of CV disease and in these cases, myocardial infarction mortality is twice that of men. The explanation and management is the subject of much clinical investigation. In both India and the western world, perhaps the most important medical problem is the metabolic syndrome (MS) and this combination of CV risk factors multiplies the significance of each. For the difficult patient not tolerant of or sufficiently responsive to conventional therapy, alternative diets and medications can frequently offer just enough benefit in lowering LDL to allow the patient to attain their target level. Future treatments undoubtedly will involve genetics, but for now, aggressive medication use can favorably modify risk although not eliminate it.